11

Naval Blockade & Shipping War

16 documented incidents

Summary:The war at sea became its own campaign. Iran closed the Strait of Hormuz in late March, choking a waterway carrying roughly a fifth of global seaborne oil; its refusal to reopen it is what unravelled the April 8 ceasefire. The US declared a naval blockade of 'the entirety of the Iranian coastline' on April 13, turning away 94 vessels by May 22 and seizing Iranian tankers as far away as Malaysia and India. Iran called it 'an act of war' and 'piracy' and complained to the UN; China called it 'irresponsible and dangerous', Russia warned of an 'economic earthquake', and the UK, Australia and the EU declined to support it. The blockade was lifted on June 18 under the Islamabad Memorandum and reimposed on July 14. More than 53 ships were attacked across the war. The deadliest incident was the sinking of the frigate IRIS Dena by the submarine USS Charlotte on March 4 inside Sri Lanka's exclusive economic zone, killing 104 — the first time a US submarine sank a surface ship since the Second World War. [Wikipedia; Lloyd's List; IMO; Pentagon]